To understand the biological basis of products designed to improve the skin, it's helpful to know something about what causes photo-aging. Following ultraviolet light exposure from the sun, skin cells begin to accumulate “reactive oxygen species”.

These “reactive oxygen species” not only damage cells and DNA, but also trigger cellular and molecular events that can breakdown collagen.

This change in collagen homeostasis contributes to skin aging. However, photomodulation stimulates the cells to produce new collagen.

With the application of photomodulation, the production of ATP promotes cell regeneration which in turn leads to skin smoothing and wrinkle reduction. Photomodulation is especially beneficial for fine lines and wrinkles.

Therapies such as IPL used for deep wrinkles and creases are found to be more effective when also combined with photomodulation therapy.